History of Plague
Yersinia pestis: New Evidence for an Old Infection
Onset of both major plague epidemics in Europe appear to be related to "radiation events." A radiation event is a spreading change in genetic evolution.
This is to say, new bacteria evolved and infected the whole of the Mediterranean region and Europe around 540 and again around 1345, killing 30 to 50% of the population.
This is particularly useful to consider as we are now intentionally manipulating genes, not only in our food but in the bacteria and viruses we inject into our newborn infants.
Are we setting ourselves up to be taken down by a new radiation event?
The development of multi drug resistant bacteria, even bacteria that feed on antibiotics, and strains of infectious disease that are resistant to the vaccines we've chased them with gives a contemplative man cause to pause, considering this new information that has come to light, Dude.
Click here to read a study of the genetics of the plague bacteria published by a group of scientists from around the world in November, 2012 in the Public Library of Science.
This is to say, new bacteria evolved and infected the whole of the Mediterranean region and Europe around 540 and again around 1345, killing 30 to 50% of the population.
This is particularly useful to consider as we are now intentionally manipulating genes, not only in our food but in the bacteria and viruses we inject into our newborn infants.
Are we setting ourselves up to be taken down by a new radiation event?
The development of multi drug resistant bacteria, even bacteria that feed on antibiotics, and strains of infectious disease that are resistant to the vaccines we've chased them with gives a contemplative man cause to pause, considering this new information that has come to light, Dude.
Click here to read a study of the genetics of the plague bacteria published by a group of scientists from around the world in November, 2012 in the Public Library of Science.
Selectivity of Black Death mortality with respect to preexisting health
"Because most of the lesions included in our analyses can reflect under-nutrition, we suggest that we may be capturing some of the effect of poor nutritional status on immune function during the Black Death."
So found researchers studying the skeletal remains of mass graves from the onset of the black plague in the mid fourteenth century.
Much of Europe, the Middle East and Asia was suffering from one hundred years of Mongol aggression, the first years of the hundred years war and two generations of famine by the time the plague struck between 1331 and 1356.
Click here to read the full report of their findings published in February, 2008 in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."
So found researchers studying the skeletal remains of mass graves from the onset of the black plague in the mid fourteenth century.
Much of Europe, the Middle East and Asia was suffering from one hundred years of Mongol aggression, the first years of the hundred years war and two generations of famine by the time the plague struck between 1331 and 1356.
Click here to read the full report of their findings published in February, 2008 in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."
Environmental factors and host susceptibility important in spread of plague
"The perceived increased virulence of the disease during the Black Death may not have been due to bacterial phenotype. These findings support the notion that factors other than microbial genetics, such as environment, vector dynamics and host susceptibility, should be at the forefront of epidemiological discussions."
Click here to read the entire paper by a large team led by genetic anthropologists at McMaster's University in Ontario, Canada published in the journal, "Nature," in October, 2008.
Click here to read the entire paper by a large team led by genetic anthropologists at McMaster's University in Ontario, Canada published in the journal, "Nature," in October, 2008.
Black Death's DNA
This information is critical in the age of intentional genetic modifications and the development of antibiotic resistant superbugs.
"Researchers have sequenced the plague bacterium's genome."
"The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis is a recent descendent of the benign, gut-dwelling bug Y. pseudotuberculosis. 'Two thousand years ago it gave you a mild tummy ache,' says team member Brendan Wren, a geneticist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine."
"Key to the bacterium's rapid evolution could be a tendency to shuffle chunks of its chromosome. This seems to be common in pathogens, says infectious disease researcher Mark Achtman of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin."
"Y. pestis carries genes for insecticidal toxins that are now deactivated but may have helped it make the first jump into fleas."
"Plague's youth as a disease may explain its drastic symptoms. Many researchers believe that evolution pacifies pathogens, in order to reduce hosts' immune response."
"The disease still kills about 2,000 people each year, mostly in Africa and Asia, and the incidence is rising. A recent case in Madagascar was resistant to multiple antibiotics."
"Scientists defecting from the former Soviet Union claimed to have developed an antibiotic-resistant strain of Y. pestis." (To be clear, we at Outlaw Health are unhappy about the development of biological weapons by any country. We include this information to demonstrate that laboratory scientists are creating pathogens.)
Click here to read the entire article published in the journal, "Nature," in October, 2001.
"Researchers have sequenced the plague bacterium's genome."
"The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis is a recent descendent of the benign, gut-dwelling bug Y. pseudotuberculosis. 'Two thousand years ago it gave you a mild tummy ache,' says team member Brendan Wren, a geneticist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine."
"Key to the bacterium's rapid evolution could be a tendency to shuffle chunks of its chromosome. This seems to be common in pathogens, says infectious disease researcher Mark Achtman of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin."
"Y. pestis carries genes for insecticidal toxins that are now deactivated but may have helped it make the first jump into fleas."
"Plague's youth as a disease may explain its drastic symptoms. Many researchers believe that evolution pacifies pathogens, in order to reduce hosts' immune response."
"The disease still kills about 2,000 people each year, mostly in Africa and Asia, and the incidence is rising. A recent case in Madagascar was resistant to multiple antibiotics."
"Scientists defecting from the former Soviet Union claimed to have developed an antibiotic-resistant strain of Y. pestis." (To be clear, we at Outlaw Health are unhappy about the development of biological weapons by any country. We include this information to demonstrate that laboratory scientists are creating pathogens.)
Click here to read the entire article published in the journal, "Nature," in October, 2001.
No evidence of plague found in China or India
"Close examination of the sources on the Delhi Sultanate and the Yuan Dynasty provides no evidence of any serious epidemic in fourteenth-century India and no specific evidence of plague among the many troubles that afflicted fourteenth-century China."
So found Dr. Sussman, professor of history at City University of New York and specialist in the globalization of disease. This is particularly interesting as almost everything we are reading about the black plague of the fourteenth century claims it came from Asia and devastated India and China.
Click here to read his study, published in 2011 in the journal, "Bulletin of the History of Medicine."
So found Dr. Sussman, professor of history at City University of New York and specialist in the globalization of disease. This is particularly interesting as almost everything we are reading about the black plague of the fourteenth century claims it came from Asia and devastated India and China.
Click here to read his study, published in 2011 in the journal, "Bulletin of the History of Medicine."